——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— A common electrospinning device consists of three main components: a high voltage DC power supply, a syringe with a stainless steel needle, and a collector. When the instrument is working, a high voltage is applied between the collector and the syringe. When the voltage reaches the electrostatic repulsion of the solution greater than its surface tension, the solution is ejected from the needle of the syringe, which forms the spinning.
These filaments are typically only 50-500 nanometers in diameter. If calculated at 50 nanometers, their thickness is only one-five thousandth of the diameter of a hair. At present, scientists have successfully used more than one hundred kinds of polymers for electrospinning. It can not only manufacture polymer nanofibers, but also organic and inorganic composite materials. The method is simple, the device is cheap, the fiber can be manufactured in an infinite length, the repeatability is good, and the chemical composition and physical properties of the product are easily controlled.
New technology makes nanowires more "smart"
Compared with the previous electrospinning, the controllable electrospinning technology of Shanghai Silicate Research Institute is undoubtedly a more "smart" nanowire.
Their research found that electric field forces and Coulomb attraction play an important role in fiber deposition and alignment. Using this principle, they skillfully designed and utilized collection templates with different structures to produce electrospun fiber scaffold materials with complex controllable patterning and braiding structures. This is a big step forward compared to the previous fiber orientation control technology. As the controllability of the pattern and the woven structure is further enhanced, this brings a broader application prospect to the electrospinning technology.
--- Application prospects ---
Nano-thickness electrospinning is not just a plaything in the hands of scientists, it has great uses in many ways.
In the need of clinical repair substitutes such as "artificial blood vessels", "artificial skin" and "artificial bones" to relieve pain for patients, electrospinning made of extremely friendly polymer materials can be solved; in electronics, catalysis, aviation Aerated fiber in aerospace, clothing and even other industrial fields can do more.
Sophisticated "human body printer"
For now, bio-tissue engineering and regenerative medicine may be the largest application areas for electrospun fibers.
According to reports, electrospun fiber is structurally similar to natural extracellular matrix, and has good biocompatibility, certain strength and stability, and is easy to process and manufacture. Therefore, it is an ideal scaffold material for human organ reconstruction. one. It has a wide range of application value in the field of tissue engineering such as cartilage, bone, blood vessel, heart and nerve.
If you use an image, the electrospun fiber is equivalent to a "human body printer." As usual, when patients have tissue necrosis, organ failure, or bone or skin damage, the method we use is generally to replace the repaired wounds and defects with healthy skin and bones from other parts of the patient or other parts of the patient. In the near future, we may combine electrospinning technology with tissue engineering technology for the repair of human tissue damage.
Specifically, the cell scaffold is first electrospun according to the shape of the tissue or organ in which the patient needs to replace the site, and then the corresponding seed cells are extracted from the patient and placed on the previously prepared cell scaffold for culture. Electrospun scaffolds made of high molecular materials not only shape them during the growth of new skin, but also increase the stability of organs or tissues. The new tissue and organs will then gradually form until the defect is completely repaired, and the scaffold material gradually degrades. As a result, the patient was reborn and the electrospinning scaffold, which acts as a growth substrate, fulfilled its mission.
Therefore, scientists have said that with such technology, we have a "human printer" that can customize and replicate tissues and organs.
Super functional fiber In addition to the medical field, electrospun fiber can also be used in aerospace, purification filtration, optoelectronic devices, fabric reinforcement and waterproof, plant insecticide and other fields.
For example, electrospun nano-cloths made of specific materials have the functions of light weight, high temperature resistance, radiation resistance, etc., and thus can be used as aerospace materials; semi-permeable membranes woven from electrospinning can be selectively used. Filtration of particles or molecules of a specific size for purification filtration purposes. In addition, due to the diameter of the fiber produced by this method, most of them are in the form of non-woven fabrics. Because of their extremely small voids, they can block bacteria, viruses and harmful substances, and because they are soft and breathable, they can be used to make them. Some special fabrics. Wearing clothes made of this material, you can even say goodbye to the era of washing machines. The clothes made of nanofibers attached by several special particles will not only stain, but also have anti-bacterial, anti-odor and no-clean functions.
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