Beijing News reporter Peng Ziyang remake at China Commodity City Development History Exhibition Hall
On the Diaoguang Square in Yili Sanli Street, there is a group of bronze statues of “chicken-for sugarâ€, which is the birthplace of the world-famous Yiwu Small Commodity Market.
From the hand-cranked rattles, the sugar-changing chicken feathers in the streets and alleys, to the international small commodity distribution center where the merchants gather today; from a common market town with a built-up area of ​​only 2.8 square kilometers to the area of ​​the built-up area of ​​more than 50 square kilometers, rogue With a rich international atmosphere, the modern trade city of Yiwu has become the epitome of China's 40 years of reform and opening up, and it is the epitome of China's integration into globalization and the world.
He Haimei, 60, is the first-generation street vendor in Yiwu. He is also a witness and witness to the development of Yiwu Trade City. She looks at the market from scratch, from small to large, and she also bears the burden of cutting capitalism and speculation. "Small vendors who sneak a sneak peek at the stalls and become the chairman of a big company."
Like He Haimei, the generations of Yiwu people from generation to generation, the hardworking and brave of thousands of Yiwu merchants, in exchange for the difficult migration from poverty to wealth, eventually gathered into a flood of entrepreneurial hard work.
Business brought by the rattle
"Is this old?" Premier Li Keqiang asked He Haimei. He Haimei quickly said that it is old. The Prime Minister smiled and raised the rattle: "That is a cultural relic, it has to be placed in the museum." This scene was fixed in the photo, He Haimei magnified the photo and placed it in the most conspicuous position in the store.
In 2014, Premier Li Keqiang visited Yiwu Trade City, and He Haimei, as one of the representatives of the mall, presented gifts to the Prime Minister. For this gift, she tried her best and finally scoured an old rattle. She feels extraordinary in meaning and is the best representative of Yiwu merchants.
"The story of Yiwu people doing business, but also from the rattle." He Haimei said.
The rattle is the "identity card" of the first generation of Yiwu merchants. In the early years, when the farmers in Yiwu area were slacking each year in winter and spring, they shouldered two burdens, shaking their hands and walking the streets, using sugar cubes and sugar cubes made from their own local brown sugar or sugar, and changing their chicken feathers. Class hair. People call them "sugar".
Unlike other places, chicken feathers play two roles in the history of Yiwu: commodities and fertilizers. There are many people in Yiwu, especially in the northeast. The yellow land has strong acidity and poor fertility. The human and livestock fertilizers cannot solve the problem of increasing grain production.
In order to solve the source of fertilizer, farmers have invented the method of using chicken feathers. Pick up the good-looking chicken feathers and tie them into a feather duster, sell them for money, and some of them are inserted under the rice to make fertilizer.
The rattle of the sugar-filled drums rang all over the streets, accompanied by the growth of generations.
In the late 1970s, sugar bearers found that small department stores had more market than candy, and the effect of changing chicken feathers was better, and they could earn a little money from them. As a result, the fate of the sugar bear has turned, and the most vivid scene of this change is in the third.
The Sanli Market is spontaneously organized by everyone. The market opened at 9:00 am to 11:00 am on the 1st and 4th. It is said that it is a market. In fact, it is an open space in the middle of the supply and marketing cooperatives. It is as big as a quarter of a football field. People carry baskets, carry cloth bags, and trade what they need here.
At that time, the Yiwu County government’s attitude towards the management of small department stores was “there was no opening above, and farmers’ operations did not support itâ€. In the case of a dilemma, the administrative department for industry and commerce adopts a "clear management and blindness" approach to manage the management of small department stores in the market. Therefore, there were no fixed booths for the operators at that time. They operated in the open air, basketed and sold, and distributed along the street.
The merchants in Sanli are doing wholesale business. The sugar bears took the goods from the Sanli, and went to the streets to change their hair. A string of small hides, tied into a small amount of chicken feathers, goose feathers, piglets, the goods are arranged in order, it is difficult to see at other markets. Even things such as chicken gold, broken copper, and turtle bottoms are considered as waste products. They can also become popular in the Sanli market.
Wang Qigeng, who works in Sanli Middle School, needs several colored beads to make teaching aids. When he asks the market, the little girl who sells the goods asks him to buy a few pounds and scares him.
At that time, if someone found that the town's supply and marketing cooperatives sold "electro-optical buttons", which is now the plexiglass button, the girls will drop the farm work from the distant fields, rushing to steal five or ten. Can not buy can only complain that their hands and feet are too slow, the news is not well-informed. In the Sanli market, the buttons are all scaled.
“It’s so easy to make moneyâ€
The Sanli Market is the prototype of Yiwu's first generation of small commodity market. Many Yiwu entrepreneurs have scoured the first barrel of gold from here.
After the emergence of the Sanli Market, He Haimei became the first street vendor here. She sold movie stills and star photos at the market, and soon became a "10,000 yuan household."
He Haimei’s husband works in the factory. The monthly salary is only 30 yuan, and 30 kilograms of grain is distributed. He Haimei has no job, and is a rural hukou. There is no food distribution. The family often eats up and does not have a meal. The son has a fever and can't get the money for ten dollars.
In 1978, the brother who was a soldier in the army came back to visit relatives and took a few photos and postcards of the costume movie "Dream of Red Mansions". At that time, Yiwu Cinema was hot on "Dream of Red Mansions", five games a day, and each ticket sold for 5 cents. People who have not seen the costume drama in the past ten years have come from all sides of the small town and made a sensation.
"The Dream of Red Mansions is so hot, or do we have a few photos to sell and sell?" A joke, immediately aroused the interest of He Haimei. At that time, she was struggling to find a way to improve her poor life.
But doing business at the time was not a matter of fairness. The stall vendors are facing "blocking". Once they are found, they must bear the crime of "cutting capitalist tails, speculating and downturning" and confiscation. He Haimei and his friends have been punished. Friends sold peanuts at the entrance of a big hotel in Yiwu, and were found to have confiscated peanuts by people who "smashed the speculative office." He Haimei also quietly opened the tailor shop, only opened for a month or two, was discovered, said that she took the "capitalism road" and removed her sewing machine head.
Therefore, after the photos are washed, no one in the family is willing to go. "What are you afraid of? I am going!" He Haimei put a dozen photos in the envelope and went out into her arms. She looked at the location of the cinema door, let the children watching the bicycles at the door to sell, one yuan each, two people divided.
The people who have just finished watching the movie are still not finished. I can’t see the movie stills. The photos of Baodi are the most popular. On the first day, He Haimei earned 6 yuan.
This is the first time she feels that making money is so easy. In the past, she helped others to make clothes. Five things a day, from morning to night, can earn 8 cents. "Dream of Red Mansions" was released for three days, He Haimei earned a lot of money, and the cost of washing photos and the share of the car owners, there are still more than thirty.
The most earned was at a Dongyang Temple Fair. She took seven or eighty photos, one for a dollar, and everyone snapped. She ran to the farmer's crop field, and someone chased her to buy photos.
After the market in Sanli, her business has grown even bigger. The photos were arranged in a sequence on a piece of paper, and the paper was posted on the wall of the supply and marketing community, standing next to it with a small bag, and the guests were attracted.
She earned thirty dollars on the first day of her trip to Sanli. In the two months of Yu Sanli, the threshold of He Haimei’s family was quickly broken, and there were many customers who booked hundreds of copies at a time. She and her husband wash photos overnight at night, and they have to be busy two or three times a day to sleep. I am afraid that others will say that she is exploiting and does not dare to hire workers.
At that time, ten thousand households were rare. By 1980, He Haimei had already had 50,000 yuan in deposits.
In January 1979, the CPC Central Committee's "Decision on Accelerating Several Issues in Agricultural Development (Draft)" was piloted in rural areas. The "Draft" clearly stated: "Family sideline and market trade are necessary supplements to the socialist economy and should not be considered as ' The capitalist tail is 'banned'. The commodity economy has gradually thawed in some places, and handmade products and agricultural products have been put on the market...
He Haimei also felt the change, although she still had to sell things sneakyly, but no one had cut her "capitalism tail" anymore. She began to broaden her business channels, what to sell, what to sell, calendar, sun hat, gloves, nylon socks ......
The market is coming
In 1982, He Haimei had been doing small business for four years, but he was always a mobile vendor. He was often rushed by the relevant departments and confiscated. She is eager to do business in a bright and honest way.
One day, the nylon socks sold by He Haimei were confiscated. When she was depressed, she saw Xie Gaohua, the county party secretary, on the street. He Haimei met Xie Gaohua on TV and chased it all the way.
"Xie Shuji, I am looking for you something." Xie Gaohua looked back and looked at her up and down and asked what was going on. He Haimei said about the confiscation of the goods. "I said that this goods was brought by Shanghai Chenghuang Temple. The city temples are selling well. Why can't we sell them?" Xie Gaohua nodded and said to go back and investigate.
Xie Gaohua later recalled that due to the long-term influence of "Left" thinking, small business hawkers are often dismissed as "smugglers" and criticized. At that time, due to the absence of new and clear policies, the relevant departments, as always, adopted policies and measures for prohibiting, blocking, restricting and closing small traders, but they could not fight, shut down, and could not help. Farmers engaged in "chicken hair for sugar" and small commodities management became a headache for the Yiwu County Party Committee, the county government and relevant departments.
After in-depth research, Xie Gaohua decided to open the Yiwu Small Commodity Market.
He Haimei participated in the meeting in which the county government called the county township cadres and more than 200 business households. Xie Gaohua said at the meeting: To be rich, farmers must allow farmers to participate in business. Everyone must support, no one can be jealous!
After Xie Gaohua finished speaking, the audience gave a warm applause. He Haimei did not applaud, she cried excitedly.
On September 5, 1982, on a stinky river, a simple booth was set up with cement boards. The government unified the original floating booths and arranged them in two rows on both sides of the street, so that the traders were justified in doing business. Yiwu's first-generation road market - Huqingmen's small department store market quietly opened. He Haimei has also become the first merchants in the market.
At that time, Xu Zhichang, deputy director of the industrial and commercial office specializing in the Huqingmen market, remembered that the business of Huqingmen was very prosperous, and the goods that were used for the first day of the business were guaranteed to be sold the next day. Later, more and more people were doing business, and the army of operations extended from Huqingmen to Xinma Road.
Later, the county government added booths, each with a rent of 2,000 yuan per year. At that time, the monthly salary per capita was only thirty or forty yuan. Everyone wondered how much money a booth can earn in a year. Will anyone be willing to pay so much rent? The result was unexpected and the booth was rented out in a few days.
In 1984, Yiwu officially proposed the development strategy of “Xingshang County Constructionâ€, and the development of Yiwu market was on the fast track.
In October 1984, the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee was held, and the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform" was made, which proposed "developing a planned commodity economy," which brought a spring breeze to the Yiwu small commodity market.
On December 6, 1984, the second generation of Yiwu Small Commodity Market, Xinma Road Market, was officially renamed Yiwu Small Commodity Market. The merchants moved into the cement booth, and the roof of the steel frame glass tile blocked the heavy rain. Two years later, the market moved for the third time, moved to the city roadside, invested 4.4 million yuan, covering 44,000 square meters, set up 4096 fixed booths, more than 1,000 temporary booths, and the market turnover in that year exceeded 100 million yuan. .
In 1992, the market was relocated and expanded for the fourth time. The fourth generation of Yiwu Small Commodity Market “Guanyuan Market†was officially completed.
At that time, the Gion market had four floors, but it has been divided into various areas. The counters are very similar to a vegetable market. Each booth is only one meter away. All the counters are connected together, and the left and right sides are opened and connected into a street. A guest walks in and can be seen by people in the entire market.
Also in that year, the “Yiwu Small Commodity Market†was renamed twice and changed to “China Yiwu City Commodity Cityâ€.
How to make the miracle continue
As a small town located in the hilly mountains of central Zhejiang, Yiwu created a miracle. The turnover of small commodity market has ranked first in the country for 26 consecutive years, claiming to be the world's "commodity capital".
But how to make the miracle continue, become a difficult problem that Yiwu, a small commodity city, must crack.
Yiwu is a "giant", but "big" is always subject to "small" - it has the world's largest small commodity market, but the market is mainly low-grade, low-tech, low-value-added products, and has been in the low industrial chain. end.
Merchant Liu Pingjuan always has a sense of crisis. "Yiwu does not have its own original things, what is popular outside, we will do anything. If it has not been innovative, it will be eliminated sooner or later."
Not long ago, at the invitation of Saudi Arabian customers, she went to the local area to inspect, understand the needs of customers, collect local cultural characteristics, folk customs, architectural style, and find design inspiration.
Back home, Liu Pingjuan designed a wooden handle pot according to the local architectural style. After seeing the samples, Saudi Arabian customers placed orders on the spot, and the price was 10 times that of similar products.
Like Liu Pingjuan, many merchants began to change their product positioning, no longer take the low-end route, and instead developed high-end customized and high-quality goods, and some people created their own brands.
In Yiwu, “transformation†is a word that people often hang on their lips. Just like wherever they go, they can see the “new starting point of the new Silk Road†and “the chicken feathers for sugar and then set offâ€.
One merchant admits that the ever-increasing labor costs, competition from emerging countries, the impact of e-commerce, the pressure of the RMB exchange rate... are always competing and need to change at any time.
A welcome change is that by accelerating its own transformation, Yiwu market has found a development path that is in harmony with e-commerce.
Wang Xuxue, the owner of the plush bag, tasted the sweetness. She hangs the photos of the goods on Yiwu, the official website of Yiwu Small Commodity Wholesale Market. Many customers see pictures specifically for purchase.
Nowadays, in Yiwu International Trade City, there are more and more merchants like Wang Xuxue who insist on the physical shops and start to try e-commerce. The integration of online and offline integration is becoming the standard of the majority of market merchants.
Zhu Xiao, chairman of China Commodity City Group, said in an interview with the media that Yiwu Small Commodity City is currently building a data e-commerce platform, a cultural platform, a "one-stop" gold control platform and a new supply chain platform. Zhu Xi hopes to integrate the flow of people, logistics, capital flow and information flow in the online and offline markets through the Internet, and provide data support for market operators to grasp the changes in market supply and demand and actively match matching target buyers. To maintain the status of Yiwu's core market, the import market is a blue ocean that Yiwu is holding on. Zhu Xi believes that after the import trade is matured, “buying the world and selling the world†is no longer a slogan.
According to the data provided by the propaganda department of Yiwu City, the total number of online merchant accounts of Yiwu is more than 278,000, of which the number of domestic trade network accounts exceeds 150,000, and the export of Yiwu has increased from more than 22 billion yuan in 2010. In 2017, it was more than 230 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 10 times, accounting for about 1/8 of the province and 1/50 of the country.
From offline to online, from “chicken to sugar†to “global e-commerceâ€, Yiwu has been ranked first in “China's e-commerce Baijia County†for four consecutive years and has been approved as a national e-commerce demonstration city.
Reform experience
Xu Zhichang, 86, deputy director of the Industrial and Commercial Office of the first generation of small commodities market in Yiwu
In October 1982, Yiwu’s first-generation small commodity market “Huqingmen Chou Town Small Haberdashery Market†was just established. I transferred to the deputy director of the Choucheng Industrial and Commercial Office and took over more than 700 booths on a street in Huqingmen. To deal with disputes in the market. At that time, the conditions were not good and the office conditions were quite poor. Our office was rented from a farmer. It was only 10 square meters. There were only a few benches, a table and a wire bed in the room.
At that time, the market environment was not good. It was really too crowded. Each stall owner was assigned a slate or wooden board stall with a length of one meter and a width of 80 centimeters. The goods were placed on top of it, and the business households were exposed to the sun and rain. Less suffering, many people's first bucket of gold is earned there. I wander around the market every day. There are always business owners who come to complain. I want to talk about it, get a roof, cover something and shelter from the wind.
I only stayed at "Huqingmen" for a year. In 1983, after I transferred back to the Fotang Industrial and Commercial Office, I wrote a market research report and put forward 12 suggestions, mainly on why we should quickly establish a professional small commodity market, how to build this market, etc., and call on the government to take strong measures. .
After the report was written, several colleagues advised me: "Xu Xu, the suffering of being beaten into the right has not eaten enough? Do not take this risk." I also hesitated for a while, but still wrote. I think this is the minimum requirement of the business owners, and I am obliged to drum and call them.
On March 15, 1984, I wrote the report and sent it to the county office on April 15. I waited until April 29, and the director of the office gave me a reply. My report received the attention of Xie Gaohua, then secretary of the county party committee. He gave instructions in the report, saying that the relevant departments are conducting research specifically, and are now in planning, implementation and action, encouraging me to continue to rationalize Yiwu. .
Construction started in June and July of 1984. On the 6th of December, the second-generation market “Xinhua Road Yiwu Small Commodity Market†was completed, which solved the traffic congestion caused by the road market and the problem of the city’s lack of market. At that time, the number of people who asked to enter the market was unimaginable. At the time of opening, there were only 1,510 booths and more than 6,000 people registered. The booth is seriously inadequate. At that time, all the channels were used, and a pool was removed, which was increased to 2,800 booths. Each booth was one meter square, and the booth of the booth owner had a uniform custom number.
I am very happy to see that many of my suggestions have been adopted. Later, I wrote a second report and expressed some of my own views. Looking back now, the voices of our industrial and commercial cadres have all been realized.
Reform dictionary
Yiwu Small Commodity Market: Founded in 1982, it is one of the earliest professional markets in China. Yiwu's small commodity market has undergone 5 relocations and 11 expansions, and eventually developed into “the first city of Chinaâ€. In Yiwu, all the products for life and production can be bought at low prices. As of 2017, the total market area reached 5.92 million square meters, and the number of merchants reached 75,000.
Reform story
The exchange of sugar for chicken feathers means that in the era when the materials were scarce, the small business hawkers went to the south and the north to go to the streets and lanes, and exchanged low-priced items such as brown sugar and straw paper in exchange for the waste of chicken feathers in the residents' homes to obtain meager profit. The earliest chicken hair for sugar was formed in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China. In the end, this behavior recognized the promotion of regional economy and development and played a huge positive role.
Written/New Beijing News reporter Wang Yipeng Cheng Photography / Beijing News reporter Peng Ziyang
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